Enzyme technology is one of the corner stones of Industrial Biotechnology. Rapid technological developments are now stimulating the chemistry and pharma industries to embrace enzyme technology, a trend. Microbial biotechnology is defined as any empirical application that uses microbiological systems, microbial organisms or their derivatives, to manufacture or modify products or processes for specific uses. The development of rapid and affordable genomics technologies and accompanying bioinformatics tools, and of high resolution analytical and imaging instruments, has provided new impulses to the field and opened new avenues of application, one of which is micro-biome engineering.